京都大学大学院アジア・アフリカ地域研究研究科 COSER Center for On-Site Education and Research 附属次世代型アジア・アフリカ教育研究センター
京都大学大学院アジア・アフリカ地域研究研究科
フィールドワーク・レポート

Oolong Industry in Vietnam: Focusing on Its Linkage with Taiwan

Daily operation of tea harvesting group of Haiyih Co.
(Dalat, 2018/10/25)

Research Background

 The foreigner direct investment (FDI) in farmland of tropical area is not a news, especially large-scale FDI on food crops and cash crops (Olivier, 2011). It’s reason, expansion process and result have arisen public concern since 1980s, especially the potential opportunity and risk which brought by the mega-scale plantation of FDI to investment destination. While little attention has been paid on moderate and small-scale (MSS) FDI.

Research Purpose

 The purpose of this survey was to get general information about the background of oolong industry transfer from Taiwan and the livelihood change of local Vietnamese involved into oolong company as a case of MSS FDI.

Consultative conference of Taiwanese oolong company
with local fresh tea leave growers (Dalat, 2018/10/06)

Results

 Though the survey, the information about the transfer history background and process of oolong industry from Taiwan(TW) to Vietnam(VN) was gotten. Besides, the structure of oolong companies, the daily operation and the industry chain were also clarified.
(1) How oolong industry was chosen
 From 1986 to 1995, TW investor whose previous jobs might not related to agriculture, firstly entered into VN by multi promotion factors, like Southbound policy, cheap land and labor, TW investors went southeast Asia, China to invest multi industry.
In agriculture field, they had ever tried to plant some special fruits (dragon-fruit, passion fruit), flowers (orchids, chrysanthemum) and tea (oolong, black tea and green tea) in VN and aimed to explore both TW and VN market. But only oolong tea got success.
(2) Industry transfer process:
 Time period: the TW investment activities could be divided into 3 periods, before 1986, 1986-2000, and after 2000.
 Land: Before 1986, land was owned by nation, so few Taiwanese could enter VN to invested unless they became Vietnamese. After 1986, the Doi Moi (economic reforms activities of VN government) and the encouragement policy of cultivate wasteland, land trade was opened to both Vietnamese and foreigner. After 2003, most of the large-scale wasteland had already owned or occupied, so the later comers had to rent (foreigners) or buy (VN) land with high price from government or from local land owner.
 Labor: Before 1986, only ethnic inhabitant and few Kinh people (the majority of Vietnamese) lived in Lam Dong, so Taiwanese hired Kinh people who were believed to be good learner and good follower compared with ethnic group, from north and south-central coast provinces. Most of these Kinh people then settled down and bought their own plots on nearby area to build house and plant crops. They became new residents. After 2003, the requirements of new residents on payments was higher, so the TW started to hire ethnic groups in Lam Dong and in nearby province.
 Equipment: Before 2003, all the raw materials, like seedings, production equipment, chemicals were controlled by TW. But after 2003, Vietnamese started to join oolong industry and operate oolong companies by themselves.
Technology: Until now, the key structure and quality control (chemical usage and operation methods) principles were followed TW standard, but there were few tea experts from TW.
(3) Technology flow in daily operation
 Only trader, owner and experts acquired the techniques and knowledge of the whole operation process, mostly group leaders and workers only knew the specific actions of their tasks.

Plans for Further Research

Time Target
Whole November Summarize field memo, and figure out research structure
Whole December- 15th February Reading articles, adjust research structure, attend Vietnamese course, making new field survey plan for next time
16th February – March Field survey for 1.5 month

 

  • レポート:Wu Yunxi(Year of enrollment: AY2018)
  • 派遣先国:Vietnam
  • 渡航期間:August 13th, 2018 to November 1st, 2018
  • キーワード:oolong tea industry, small peasants, foreigner direct investment

関連するフィールドワーク・レポート

東南アジアにおけるプラナカン・インディアンの研究/シンガポールを拠点として

対象とする問題の概要  プラナカン・インディアンは、15世紀頃マラッカ王国統治下において、南インドからのインド系商人と現地女性(マレー人、華人等)との婚姻によって誕生したとされる。イスラーム勢力の拡大や、ポルトガル、オランダ、イギリス、日本…

ケニア沿岸部における少数民族ワアタの現状――ゾウの狩猟と保全のはざまで――

対象とする問題の概要  ケニア沿岸地域には、元狩猟採集民の少数民族ワアタが点在して居住している。彼らはエチオピア南部のオロモ社会を起源とするクシ語系の民族で、ケニア沿岸地域の先住民族だと言われている。彼らは狩猟採集民であったため、野生動物の…

インド農村部におけるウシ飼養から考察する人と家畜の関係性

対象とする問題の概要  インドにおけるウシ飼育は、酪農、畜産の面からも長い歴史を持っている。人々は、家畜を飼育し、それらを利用することで生計を営んできた。現在のインドにおいて、ウシは特にミルクを生産する動物として非常に重要な役割を果たしてい…

自然の守り人たち /ブータン王国・タシガン県の聖地をめぐる環境保護実践の人類学的研究

対象とする問題の概要  本研究は、ブータン王国タシガン県における神霊信仰とその聖域を対象としている。この土着信仰的要素を大いに含む神霊信仰は、儀礼や寺院を重要な媒介としながら、ブータンに限らずヒマーラヤ地域およびチベット仏教圏に広がっている…

人新世のイスラーム世界におけるムスリムの環境観と環境実践――エコ・モスクを事例に――

対象とする問題の概要  近年、地球環境問題の深刻化を受け、イスラームの教義を取り入れた環境保護活動が活発化している。2億人以上のムスリム人口を持つインドネシアは、環境問題の文脈に即した新しいイスラーム理解を展開している。この新たなイスラーム…

ザンビア都市部におけるワイヤーおもちゃの製造と廃材および固形廃棄物の利用

対象とする問題の概要  本稿は、ザンビア都市部の家内工業によるワイヤーおもちゃの製造と廃材の利用に関する調査報告である。ワイヤーおもちゃ(Wire toys)とは、銅、スチール、アルミなどの金属製のワイヤーを用いて乗物、動物、生活用品などの…